Emtl by bakshi free download

Magnetic Forces, Materials and Devices : Forces due to magnetic field, Magnetic torque and moment, A magnetic dipole, Magnetization in materials, Magnetic boundary conditions, Inductors and inductances, Magnetic energy. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation : Wave propagation in lossy dielectrics, Plane waves in lossless dielectrics, Plane wave in free space, Plane waves in good conductors, Power and the Poynting vector, Reflection of a plane wave in a normal incidence.

Transmission Lines : Transmission line parameters, Transmission line equations, Input impedance, Standing wave ratio and power, The Smith chart, Some applications of transmission lines. The reason is the electronic devices divert your attention and also cause strains while reading eBooks.

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Quick Reply. Message Type your reply to this message here. Let us see, what is a field? Consider a magnet. It has its own effect in a region surrounding it. The effect can be experienced by placing another magnet near the first magnet.

Such an effect can be defined by a particular physical function. In the region surrounding the magnet, there exists a particular value for that physical function, at every point, describing the effect of magnet. So field can be defined as the region in which, at each point there exists a corresponding value of some physical function. Thus field is a function that specifies a quantity everywhere in a region or a space. If at each point of a region or space, there is a corresponding value of some physical function then the region is called a field.

If the field produced is due to magnetic effects, it is called magnetic field. There are two types of electric charges, positive and negative. Such an electric charge produces a field around it which is called an electric field. Moving charges produce a current and current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field.

In such a case, electric and magnetic fields are related to each other. Such a field is called electromagnetic field. The comprehensive study of characteristics of electric, magnetic and combined fields, is nothing but the engineering electromagnetics.

Such fields may be time varying or time independent. Itis seen that distribution of a quantity in a space is defined by a field. Hence to quantify the field, three dimensional representation plays an important role. Such a three dimensional representation can be made easy by the use of vector analysis. A complete pictorial representation and clear understanding of the fields and the laws governing such fields, is possible with the help of vector analysis.

Thus a good knowledge of vector analysis is an essential prerequisite for the understanding of engineering electromagnetics. The vector analysis is a mathematical shorthand tool with which electromagnetic concepts can be most conveniently expressed. This chapter gives the basic vector analysis required to understand engineering electromagnetics. The notations used in this chapter are follwed throughout this book to explain the subject. Scalars and 2. Vectors 1.

The direction is not at all required in describing a scalar. The various examples of scalar quantity are temperature, mass, volume, density, speed, electric charge ete. In electromagnetics vectors defined in two and three dimensional spaces are required but vectors may be defined in n-dimensional space. Thus, A vector is a quantity which is characterized by both, a magnitude and a direction. The various examples of vector quantity are force, velocity, displacement, electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity, acceleration etc.

For example the temperature of atmosphere. It has a definite value in the atmosphere but no need of direction to specify it hence it is a scalar field. The height of surface of earth above sea level is a scalar field.

Few other examples of scalar field are sound intensity in an auditorium, light intensity in a room, atmospheric pressure in a given region etc. For example the gravitational force on a mass in a space is a vector field. This force has a value at various points in a space and always has a specific direction.

This is shown in the Fig. The length of the segment is the magnitude of a vector while the arrow indicates the direction of the vector in a given co-ordinate system. The vector shown in the Fig. The point O is its starting point while A is its terminating point. Its length is called its magnitude, which is R for the vector OA shown. Key Point: The vector hereafter will be indicated by bold letter with a bar over it. Its magnitude is always unity, irrespective of the direction which it indicates and the co-ordinate system under consideration.

Thus for any vector, to indicate its direction a unit vector can be used. Consider a unit vector 3g, in the direction of OA as shown in the Fig. This vector indicates the direction of OA but its magnitude is unity. Thus 3, indicates the unit vector along x axis direction. Incase if a vector is known then the unit vector along that vector can be obtained by dividing the vector by its magnitude.

Thus unit vector can be expressed as, The idea and use of unit vector will be more clear at the time of discussion of various co-ordinate systems, later in the chapter. In this section the following mathematical operations with the vectors are discussed. Scaling 2. Addition 3. Subtraction 1. Such a multiplication changes the magnitude length of a vector but not its direction, when the scalar is positive. If a t bja I The procedure is to move one of the two vectors parallel to itself at the tip of the other vector.

Thus move A , parallel to itself at the tip of B. Then join tip of A moved, to the origin. This vector represents resultant which is the addition of the two vectors A and B. The addition of vectors obeys the commutative law ie. Complete the parallelogram as shown in the Fig. Then the diagonal of the parallelogram represents the addition of the two vectors. Resultant By using any of these two methods not only two but any number of vectors can be added to obtain the resultant, For example, consider four vectors as shown in the Fig.

These can be added by shifting these vectors one by one to the tip of other vectors to complete the polygon. The vector joining origin O to the tip of the last shifted vector represents the sum, as shown in the Fig, 1. This method is called head to tail rule of addition of vectors. Then by adding the corresponding components of the vectors, the components of the resultant vector which is the addition of the vectors, can be obtained.

This method is explained after the co-ordinate systems are discussed. Such two vectors are also called equal vectors. To describe a vector accurately and to express a vector in terms of its components, it is necessary to have some reference directions. Such directions are represented in terms of various coordinate systems. There are various coordinate systems available in mathematics, out of which three coordinate systems are used in this book, which are 1. Cartesian or rectangular coordinate system 2.

Cylindrical coordinate system 3, Spherical coordinate system Let us discuss these systems in detail. Many a times the position vector is denoted by the vector representing that point itself ive.

Note the difference y between a point and a position vector. The points are shown in the Fig. The individual position vectors of the-points are, Fig. The equation 4 is called distance formula which gives the distance between the two points representing tips of the vectors. Let us summarize procedure to obtain distance vector and unit vector. Step 1; Identify the direction of distance vector i. Step 2: Subtract the respective coordinates of starting point from terminating point.

Step 4: Calculate the magnitude of the distance vector using equation 4. Obtain the vector from A to B and a unit vector directed from A to B. These six planes together define a differential volume which Is a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in the Fig. The diagonal of this parallelepiped is the differential vector length. Please refer Fig. Let us define differential surface areas. Midpoint of BC The surfaces used to define the cylindrical coordinate system are, 1. Plane of constant 2 which is parallel to xy plane.

A cylinder of radius r with z axis as the axis of the cylinder. The 6 varies from 0 to t while varies from 0 to 2. Let us discuss the multiplication of two or more vectors, The knowledge of vector multiplication allows us to transform the vectors from one coordinate system to other.

Consider two vectors A and B. There are two types of products existing depending upon the result of the multiplication. These two types of products are, 1. Below is stripped version of available tagged cloud pages from web pages Thank you Title: emtl textbook by bakshi pdf free download Page Link: emtl textbook by bakshi pdf free download - Posted By: sarath Created at: Sunday 16th of April AM.